NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Flamingo
Chapter 7 The Interview
Think as you read
Question 1. What are some of the positive views on interviews?
Answer: The positive views on interviews are that it is a medium of communication and a source of truth and information. Some even look at it as an art. These days we know about celebrities and others through their interviews.
Question 2. Why do most celebrity writers despise being interviewed?
Answer: Most celebrity writers despise being interviewed because they look at interviews as an unwarranted intrusion into their lives. They feel that it diminishes them. They feel that they are wounded by interviews and lose a part of themselves. They consider interviews immoral and a crime, and an unwanted and unwelcome interruption in their personal life.
Question 3. What is the belief in some primitive cultures about being photographed?
Answer: Some primitive cultures consider taking a photographic portrait is like stealing the persons’ soul and diminishing him.
Question 4. What do you understand by the expression ‘thumbprints on his windpipe’?
Answer: Saul Bellow once described interviews as being like ‘thumbprints on his windpipe’. It means he treated interviews as a painful experience, as something that caught him by his windpipe, squeezed him, and left indelible thumbprints on that. It also means that when the interviewer forces personal details from his interviewee, it becomes undesirable and cruel.
Question 5. Who, in today’s world, is our chief source of information about personalities?
Answer: The interviewer is the chief source of information in today’s world. Our most vivid impressions of our contemporaries are based on communication that comes from them. Thus, interviewers hold a position of power and influence.
Understanding the text
Question 1. Do you think Umberto Eco likes being interviewed? Give reasons for your opinion.
Answer: Umberto Eco does not think highly of interviewers who he thinks are a puzzled bunch of people. He has reasons for thinking so as they have often interpreted him as a novelist and clubbed him with Pen Clubs and writers, while he considers himself an academic scholar who attends academic conferences and writes novels on Sundays.
Question 2. How does Eco find the time to write so much?
Answer: Eco humorously states that there are a lot of empty spaces in his life. He calls them ‘interstices’. There are moments when one is waiting for the other. In that empty space, Eco laughingly states that he writes an article. Then he states that he is a professor who writes novels on Sundays.
Question 3. What was distinctive about Eco’s academic writing style?
Answer: Umberto’s writings have an ethical and philosophical element underlying them. His non-fictional writing work has a certain playful and personal quality about it. Even his writings for children deal with non-violence and peace. This style of writing makes reading his novels and essays interesting and being like the reading of most academic writings. His works are marked by an informal and narrative aspect.
Question 4. Did Umberto Eco consider himself a novelist first or an academic scholar?
Answer: Umberto identified himself with the academic community, a professor who attended academic conferences rather than meetings of Pen Clubs. In fact, he was quite unhappy that the people referred to him as a novelist.
Question 5. What is the reason for the huge success of the novel, The Name of the Rose?
Answer: The success of The Name of the Rose, though a mystery to the author himself, could possibly be because it offered a difficult reading experience to the kind of readers who do not want easy reading experiences and those who look at novels like a machine for generating interpretations. For the same reason, the sale of his novel was underestimated by his American publishers, while the readers actually enjoyed the difficult reading experience that was offered by Umberto Eco by raising questions about truth and the order of the world.
Extra Questions and Answers
Short Answer Questions
Question 1. Why did Lewis Carroll have horror of the interviewer?
Answer: Lewis Carroll was said to have had a just horror of the interviewer. It was his horror of being lionized that made him thus repel would-be acquaintances, interviewers, and those seeking his autographs. So, he never consented to be interviewed.
Question 2. How did Rudyard Kipling look at interviews?
Answer: Rudyard Kipling condemned interviews. His wife writes in her diary that Rudyard Kipling told the reporters that he called being interviewed immoral and a crime like an offense against any person. It merited punishment. It was cowardly and vile.
Question 3. How were Rudyard Kipling and H.G. Wells critical of interviews yet they indulged in interviewing others or being themselves interviewed?
Answer: Rudyard Kipling criticized interviews yet he interviewed Mark Twain. H.G. Wells referred to an interview in 1894 as an ordeal. Yet he was a fairly frequent interviewee. He also interviewed Joseph Stalin forty years later.
Question 4. How are interviews, despite their drawbacks, useful?
Answer: Despite their drawbacks, interviews are a supremely serviceable medium of communication. We get ‘ our most vivid impressions of our contemporaries through interviews. Denis Brain writes that almost everything of the moment reaches us through interviews.
Question 5. What, according to Umberto Eco, is the one thing he does through his various pieces of writing?
Answer: According to Eco, he is always pursuing his ethical, and philosophical interests which are non-violence and peace, through his academic work, his novels, and even his books for children. He uses his spare moments constructively.
Question 6. Umberto Eco tells Mukund that he has a secret. What is that?
Answer: Umberto Eco tells Mukund that he has a secret to reveal. He tells him that there are empty spaces in the universe, in all the atoms. If they are removed, the universe will shrink to the size of a fist. He calls these empty spaces interstices and he writes in these interstices.
Question 7. How, according to one of Eco’s professors in Italy, do scholars do in their research? How is Eco’s approach different?
Answer: According to one of Eco’s professors in Italy, scholars made a lot of false hypotheses. They correct them and at the end, they put the conclusion. But Eco told the story of his research and included his trials and errors. His professor allowed the publication of Eco’s dissertation as a book.
Question 8. What did Umberto Eco learn at the age of 22 that he pursued in his novels?
Answer: At the age of 22, Umberto Eco understood that scholarly books should be written the way he had done, that is, they should be written by telling the story of the research. He means to say that they should have the narrative technique. That’s why he started writing novels so late—at the age of 50.
Question 9. How did Eco start writing novels?
Answer: Eco states that he started writing novels by accident. One day, he had nothing to do, so he started writing. He felt that novels probably satisfied his taste for narration and he produced five novels, including the famous The Name of the Rose.
Question 10. Did Umberto Eco consider himself a novelist first or an academic scholar? Discuss briefly.
Answer: Umberto Eco considered himself an academic scholar, a university professor who wrote novels on Sundays. If somebody said that he was a novelist, that bothered him. He participated in academic conferences and not the meetings of Pen Clubs and writers. He identified himself with the academic community.
Question 11. What makes Eco’s The Name of the Rose a very serious novel?
Answer: The Name of the Rose is a very serious novel. It is a detective story at one level but it also delves into metaphysics, theology, and medieval history. Due to these reasons, it was greatly received by the public.
Question 12. What, according to Eco, puzzles journalists and publishers?
Answer: According to Umberto Eco, journalists and publishers are puzzled when something unexpected happens. They believe that people like trash and do not like difficult reading experiences. But Eco’s novel The Name of the Rose, a serious work, sold between 10 and 15 million copies. This puzzled them.
Question 13. What is the reason for the huge success of the novel, The Name of the Rose?
Answer: The reason for the huge success of the novel, according to Eco, is a mystery. Nobody can predict it. He states that if he had written the novel ten years earlier or ten years later, it wouldn’t have been the same. So, the time component, its narrative technique, its aspects of metaphysics, theology, and medieval history, made it a grand success.
Question 14. Do you think Umberto Eco likes being interviewed? Give reasons for your opinion.
Answer: I think Eco likes being interviewed. His answers to Mukund’s questions are straightforward, precise, and to the point. They are never wavering. He even mentions his preferences for TV shows. While answering the gets humorous and laughs. Nowhere does he say anything that may give us this sort of glimpse that he does not like being interviewed.
Question 15. Is Umberto’s informal style consciously adopted or natural?
Answer: Umberto’s doctoral thesis was a story of his research and a sum of his experience, his trials, and errors. The thesis was appreciated and published as a book. Umberto then developed on his taste for narration and this narrative aspect lends an informal touch to all his essays and novels. It makes his style alive and reading his works is not dry and boring like the reading of other academic works.
Question 16. Why did Umberto take to writing novels?
Answer: Umberto took to writing novels to satisfy his taste for narration. He did not have even a single novel to his credit, till the age of 50. One day having nothing to do, he started writing a novel. Moreover, he thought that novels have more readership and he could reach a larger audience.
Question 17. What made Roland Barthes frustrated? What did he want to do?
Answer: Eco s friend Roland Barthes was an essayist. He was not satisfied fully with his scholarly essays. He yearned to do some creative writing. He remained frustrated that he was an essayist and not a novelist. But unfortunately, he died before he could do so.
Question 18. How did Umberto Eco become spectacularly famous?
Answer: Umberto Eco earned a good reputation in the field of semiotics or the study of signs. His scholarly works were staggeringly large and wide-ranging. But his spectacular fame came to him with his novel The Name of the Rose which stormed the world and sold more than 10 million copies.
Question 19. What sort of TV programs does Eco watch after dinner and why?
Answer: After dinner, Eco watches light television programs like Miami Vice and Emergency Room. These programs do not tax his mind and he feels relaxed after a hard, day’s work. But he cannot watch such programs the whole day.
Question 20. Bring out Umberto Eco’s humility and modesty as evident in the chapter.
Answer: Umberto Eco takes success in his stride and talks about his achievements in all modesty. He very humbly gives credit to the people’s capability of appreciating difficult reading experiences. Regarding doing so many things, he tells that it is a fallacious impression, but at the end of the day, he is doing the same thing.
Long Questions and Answers
Question 1. The Interview as a communication genre is here to stay. Discuss with reference to the interview with Umberto Eco.
Answer: The interview today is a communication genre that has come to stay. Its detractors—mostly celebrities— despise it as an intrusion into their lives. However, a good interview can be a source of truth, it is an excellent medium of communication and in the modern world, our most vivid impressions of contemporaries are through interviews. It is through the interview that we learn about Eco’s diverse writings, his interest in the philosophy of non-violence and peace, and his ability to put every spare moment to constructive use. At the interviewer’s prompting, he tells us why he writes scholarly works in an informal style and how he started writing novels. We realize that he is an academician at heart. He honestly talks of the success of his book as a mystery saying that it might •not have sold so well at another time.
Question 2. How did Umberto Eco assess his style of writing in The Name of the Rose?
Answer: Umberto Eco considered himself to be an academician who was happily writing novels on Sundays. Though he did not feel he was a novelist, he felt the novel fulfilled his desire for narration. In fact, he spoke of himself as a university professor who wrote novels on Sundays. The novel, according to him, enabled him to reach a larger audience. The Name of the Rose was a very serious novel. It was a detective story that delved into metaphysics, theology, and medieval history. It enjoyed a huge audience as, according to him, people did enjoy difficult reading experiences. Like him. many did not like easy experiences all the time. The novel deals with a period of medieval history and the publisher did not expect it to sell so well in a state where nobody had studied Latin or seen a cathedral. He felt the timing was crucial. Perhaps its popularity would have been less, had it been written earlier or later. ‘
Question 3. How do celebrity writers despise being interviewed as given in ‘The Interview’?
Answer: Since its invention a little over 130 years ago, the interview has become commonplace journalism. Over the years, opinions about its functions, methods, and merits vary considerably. Some say it is a source of truth and in practice, an art. Others despise it being an unwarranted intrusion into their lives. They feel it diminishes them. They equate it to taking a photographic portrait of somebody which in some primitive cultures means ‘stealing the person’s soul.’ Some people feel wounded by interviews and lose part of themselves. They call it immoral, a crime, and an assault. To some, it is cowardly and vile or an ordeal.
Question 4. How does Eco explain that he is convinced he is always doing the same thing?
Answer: Umberto Eco explains to Mukund Padmanabhan in an interview that all people have a lot of empty spaces. These he calls ‘interstices’. He explains them through an example. He says that one is to come to him and is in an elevator and he is waiting for him. While waiting for the guest’s elevator to appear before him. he has already written an article. It means he writes in snatches of time. However, his creative ideas flow in his mind every time even when he is hosting his guest. Though he relaxes on Sundays, yet is very much busy writing novels. On other days he is busy with his academic work.
Question 5. How does Mukund Padmanabhan comment on Eco’s academic writing style? What does Eco say about it?
Answer: Mukund Padmanabhan states that Eco’s non-fictional writing, that is, his scholarly work has a certain playful and personal quality about it. It is a marked departure from a regular style. That regular style is invariably depersonalized and often dry and boring. To a question, if he consciously adopted an informal style, he cited the comments of one of the professors who examined and evaluated his first doctoral dissertation. The professor said that scholars learned a lot about a certain subject, then made a lot of false hypotheses, then they corrected and put conclusions at the end. But Eco told the story of his research, including his trials and errors. At the age of 22, Eco understood that scholarly books should be written by telling the story of the research. His essays, therefore, have a narrative aspect. That is why he wrote novels to satisfy his taste for narrative.
Question 6. How does Mukund Padmanabhan impress you as an interviewer? Do you consider his interview with Umberto Eco a success?
Answer: Mukund Padmanabhan’s interview with Umberto Eco tells about his capabilities as a successful interviewer. He does not encroach upon his privacy or embarrass him with personal questions. He does not come in between the celebrity and the readers. His questions are well-worded. His questions • draw out of him what his fans would like to know. The questions asked by Mukund cover all the aspects of his works and personality. Eco gives elaborate answers to all his questions. With every question, the interviewer withdraws to the background leaving the interviewee in the limelight. The whole interview does not appear to be an ordeal for the interviewee. In short, it is crisp at the same time informal.
Question 7. What are the opinions of some of the celebrities in interviews?
Answer: Celebrities have often seen themselves as victims of interviews. In V.S. Naipaul’s opinion, interviews have left people wounded and part of them stolen. Lewis Carroll was in horror of the interviewer and he never consented to be interviewed. He often silenced all those who sought to interview him or ask for his autograph. Rudyard Kipling too held a very critical attitude towards interviews and disapproved of them after he was left almost wrecked by two reporters from Boston. According to his wife, since then he found interviews were vile, immoral, and a crime. To H.G. Wells, being interviewed was an ordeal, while to Saul Bellow, interviews were like thumbprints on his windpipe, extortion of personal details by an overbearing interviewer. They all seemed to be terrified of interviews.
Question 8. How does the interview with Umberto Eco prove that the interview is the most commendable tool to elicit information about the interviewee?
Answer: Mukund Padmanabhan from ‘The Hindu’ interviews Umberto Eco and proves that the interview is the most commendable tool to elicit information about the interviewee.
Through his interview, he reveals that Eco is a prolific writer and yet a man who is most modest about his achievements. He very humbly spells the secret of his varied and staggeringly voluminous works produced by him. When Mukund asks him about David Lodge’s remark that how one man can do all the things that Eco does’, Eco very modestly says it is a fallacious impression, in fact, he has always been doing the same thing by pursuing the same philosophical ideas. He views himself as an academic, rather than a novelist. He admits that he started writing novels by accident and writes novels on Sundays.
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